Social science

Q1. What is nature? Discuss.

Ans: Nature is everything around us like air, water, land, plants, and animals.

Q2. Why some metals found deep in the Earth are not considered resources?

Ans: Some metals found deep inside the Earth are not considered resources because:

1. They are not accessible – too deep to be mined easily.

2. Extraction is very costly – requires advanced technology and high expense.

3. Lack of current technology – we may not have suitable methods to extract them.

4. Not economically profitable – cost of extraction is higher than their value.

5. Safety and environmental issues – mining deep layers can be risky.

Q3. Mention one example to show that technology can turn a natural element into a resource.

Ans: Example: Wind became a resource when humans developed windmills to produce electricity.

Q4. Traditional societies had a deep understanding of the need for balance between use and renewal of resources. Justify the statement with an example.

Ans: Traditional societies used resources carefully and allowed them to regenerate, maintaining balance with nature.

Example: They practised sustainable methods like taking only limited forest produce or using crop rotation to keep soil fertile.

Q5. How does uneven distribution of natural resources affect economic development?

Ans:1. Regions with more natural resources develop faster, while resource-poor areas remain less developed.

2. It creates economic imbalance and inequality between different regions or countries.

Q6. Give one example each of an international and interstate conflict caused by uneven distribution of water resources.

Ans: International: Conflict over the Indus River between India and Pakistan.

Interstate: Dispute over the Cauvery River between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Q7. Unsustainable resource use drives biodiversity loss and climate change. Discuss.

Ans: 1. Overuse of forests and land destroys habitats and reduces species.

2. Excessive use and pollution harm plants and animals.

3. Burning fossil fuels causes climate change and global warming

Q8. India offers many examples of stewardship of natural resources in practice. Justify the statement with examples.

Ans:1. In Rajasthan, people practise rainwater harvesting like Johads to conserve water.

2. In Uttarakhand, the Chipko Movement protected forests by preventing tree cutting.

Q7. Long Question Answers

Q1. Explain the factors that make a natural element resource for us.

Ans1. A natural element becomes a resource if it is useful to humans.

2. It must fulfil human needs or demand.

3. Technology makes it possible to use it.

4. It should have some economic value.

5. Human knowledge and skills help in its proper use.

Q2. Explain why categorisation is important in our daily life. Give examples to support your answer.

Ans: 1. Categorisation helps us understand things easily.

2. It helps us find things quickly.

3. It helps in keeping things organised.

4. It helps in using resources properly.

5. It helps in making better decisions.

Q3. Explain with examples how a renewable resource becomes threatened.

Ans: 1. Renewable resources can become threatened due to overuse by humans.

2. Excessive use of groundwater lowers water levels (example: Punjab).

3. Cutting trees faster than regrowth leads to deforestation.

4. Overfishing reduces fish population in water bodies.

5. Pollution damages resources like air and water, making them unsafe.

Q4. There are many ways to use natural resources wisely and allow them to restore themselves. List some.

Ans: 1. We should reduce, reuse and recycle resources.

2. We should plant more trees to restore forests.

3. We should save water and avoid wastage.

4. We should use renewable sources like solar and wind energy.

5. We should control pollution to protect resources.

CH2 RESHAPING INDIA’S POLITICAL MAP

SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS:

Q1. What led to the downfall of the Delhi Sultanate?

Ans: Ans: key factors in the downfall of Delhi Sultanate included internal power struggles among nobles’ weak later sultans, economic, miss management, and ultimately Babur’s superior military tactics.

Q2. Why is Krishnadeva Raya’s period called the golden age of the Vijayanagar Empire?

Ans: His reign is remembered as the golden age of Vijayanagar. He expanded the empire by defeating the Brahmani Sultans, the rulers of Odisha, and even subdued rebellion within it’s his own territories.

Q3. What led to the decline of Vijayanagar Empire?

Ans: Krishnadeva Raya’s period called the golden age of the Vijayanagar Empire:

1. Battle of Tali Kota: combined de in Sultans defeated and destroyed the empire.

2. ⁠Weak success after Krishan Deva Raya led to internal conflicts.

Q4. What were the causes of peasant and tribal rebellion during the Mughal period?

Ans: 1. Peasant communities often rose in protest against heavy taxation and harsh exploitation by local officials.

1. Many peasants and tribes lost their traditional lands.

2. Poverty, crop failure and debit lead to anger and revolt.

Q5. What was the contribution of the Sikhs in resisting the Mughals?

Ans: 1. Sikh gurus opposed Mughal injustice, and religious intolerance.

1. Guru Arjan Dev Ji and Guru Teg Bahadur Ji sacrificed their lives, inspiring resistance.

2. ⁠ Guru Gobind Singh Ji organised Khalsa to strengthen the Sikhs.

3. ⁠ Sikh became a strong military force and challenged Mughals.

Long question answers

Q1. Examine the contribution of Allauddin Khalji to Delhi Sultanate.

Ans: Contribution of Allauddin Khalji to Delhi Sultanate is as follows:

1. Allauddin Khalji strengthened the central administration and controlled nobles.

1. He introduced market control policies to keep prices low.

2. ⁠He maintained a large and strong army to defend the empire

3. ⁠He expanded the empire through successful military campaigns in north and South India.

Q2. Discuss the factors that lead to the decline of the Mughal empire after Aurangzeb.

Ans: Following were the factors that led to the decline of the Mughal empire after Aurangzeb:

1. Aurangzeb’s long wars weekend, the empire.

1. After his death, weak rulers could not control the large empire properly.

2. ⁠ there were fights among nobles and princes for power.

3. ⁠ regional powers like the Marathas, Sikhs and jats became stronger and challenged Mughal rule.

4. ⁠ foreign invasion, and the arrival of the British East India Company further weakened the Empire.

Q3. Explain the contribution of Akbar in expanding Mughal empire.

Ans: The contribution of Akbar in expanding Mughal empire as following:

1. Akbar expanded the Mughal Empire by conquering man regions like Gujarat, Bengal, and Rajasthan.

1. He maintained friendly relations with Rajput.

2. ⁠ Akbar created a strong administration and divided the empire into provinces for better control.

3. ⁠He introduced fair tax policies which increased the income of the empire

4. ⁠He promoted religious tolerance and unity.