Biological Systems Models

These models and simulations have been tagged “Biological Systems”.

Related tagsBPIHSWT

Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
We extended Daisyworld to evaluate the effects of sympatric speciation on regulation. Sympatric speciation occurs when organisms are segregated from each other by functional, rather than spatial, constraints. To emphasize the sympatric aspect of our model we halved the original value of 'q'. The dyn
We extended Daisyworld to evaluate the effects of sympatric speciation on regulation. Sympatric speciation occurs when organisms are segregated from each other by functional, rather than spatial, constraints. To emphasize the sympatric aspect of our model we halved the original value of 'q'. The dynamical model contains five potential species: gray, light gray, dark gray, black and white daisies, whose phenotypes differ only in their albedo.

Initially the model contains only gray daisies. Mutation of gray daisies leads to new daisy types. These new types can interbreed with their genetic neighbors or mutate even further. These mutations ultimately lead to black or white daisies.  When two types are functionally different enough they cannot interbreed and we consider them separate species.

Instructions:

You can change the 'Spread' of albedo between the different daisy types centered at the albedo of the gray daisies and in symmetric shades.

'gamma' is the general death rate for all daisies.

The 'Flow' defines the percentage of the actual population which mutates.

'q' defines the spatial distribution of thermal energy between the dasies.

'Base' is the optimal temperature of the general daisy.

'mu' is the probability of a mutation event.

Our model contains two possible luminosity scenarios. One relates to the increasing luminosity of the original Daisyworld. There is a second scenario implemented, which simulates different pertubations over a normally constant luminosity. To change between the scenarios simply reconnect the 'Absorbed Luminosity' variable with one of the container 'L'. Both scenarios are depicted in the diagram, so no changes are neccessary.
A damped, driven pendulum. The combination of damping and driving provokes a minimal case of chaos. The system is not in itself biological, however its chaotic behaviour arises from competing oscillatory influences - a situation which plays a role in many biological systems.
A damped, driven pendulum. The combination of damping and driving provokes a minimal case of chaos. The system is not in itself biological, however its chaotic behaviour arises from competing oscillatory influences - a situation which plays a role in many biological systems.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
This is a collection of models which illustrate the idea of  feedback loops , which form the basis of all living systems.  1. The first is an  open-loop model  - that is, it contains no feedback. The process of gravitational acceleration g changes the speed of a falling ball, but this speed has no f
This is a collection of models which illustrate the idea of feedback loops, which form the basis of all living systems.

1. The first is an open-loop model - that is, it contains no feedback. The process of gravitational acceleration g changes the speed of a falling ball, but this speed has no feedback effect on gravity.

2. The second model contains a positive feedback loop. A greater number of Bacteria causes the number of cell divisions to increase, and the process of cell division itself also increases the number of Bacteria. The process 'division' and the state variable 'Bacteria' both have a positive effect on each other, generating unconstrained growth.

3. The third model contains a negative feedback loop. A greater number of TumourCells causes the number of cell deaths to increase, but the process of cell death itself decreases the number of TumourCells. The process 'death' negatively influences the state variable 'TumourCells', while 'TumourCells' positively influences 'death', causing the TumourCells to decay to zero.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
This is a very general model of two interacting species which describes a wide variety of different kinds of interaction, for example: cooperation, symbiosis, competition or predation.  Note that  in systems biology the word 'species'
can mean species of organism, species of chemical or 
species of
This is a very general model of two interacting species which describes a wide variety of different kinds of interaction, for example: cooperation, symbiosis, competition or predation.

Note that in systems biology the word 'species' can mean species of organism, species of chemical or species of cell. Similarly, 'interaction' can mean chemical interaction, genetic interaction or phenotypic interaction. We are talking here about very general kinds of system.
Una pequeña modificación al modelo del mundo de las margaritas, se incluyo una nueva especie de margarita con posibilidad de mutar según vayan cambiando las condiciones de temperatura.
Una pequeña modificación al modelo del mundo de las margaritas, se incluyo una nueva especie de margarita con posibilidad de mutar según vayan cambiando las condiciones de temperatura.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
We
 extended Daisyworld to evaluate the effects of sympatric speciation on 
regulation. Sympatric speciation occurs when organisms are segregated 
from each other by functional, rather than spatial, constraints. The 
dynamical model contains five potential species: gray, light gray, dark 
gray, blac
We extended Daisyworld to evaluate the effects of sympatric speciation on regulation. Sympatric speciation occurs when organisms are segregated from each other by functional, rather than spatial, constraints. The dynamical model contains five potential species: gray, light gray, dark gray, black and white daisies, whose phenotypes differ only in their albedo.

Initially the model contains only gray daisies. Mutation of gray daisies leads to new daisy types. These new types can interbreed with their genetic neighbors or mutate even further. These mutations ultimately lead to black or white daisies.  When two types are functionally different enough they cannot interbreed and we consider them separate species.

Instructions:

You can change the 'Spread' of albedo between the different daisy types centered at the albedo of the gray daisies and in symmetric shades.

'gamma' is the general death rate for all daisies.

The 'Flow' defines the percentage of the actual population which mutates.

'q' defines the spatial distribution of thermal energy between the dasies.

'Base' is the optimal temperature of the general daisy.

'mu' is the probability of a mutation event.

Our model contains two possible luminosity scenarios. One relates to the increasing luminosity of the original Daisyworld. There is a second scenario implemented, which simulates different pertubations over a normally constant luminosity. To change between the scenarios simply reconnect the 'Absorbed Luminosity' variable with one of the container 'L'. Both scenarios are depicted in the diagram, so no changes are neccessary.

Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.

Based on 0409-Daisyworld
Insight Original Author: Niall Palfreyman
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).  Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.  This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate int
Darwinian Daisyworld model from and Watson & Lovelock (1983), Robertson & Robinson (1998) and Lenton & Lovelock (2001).

Units of time are 40 Myr, giving R&R's span of 10 Gyr.

This model offers many opportunities for modification. Maybe the Black and White populations can mutate into each other? The role of q as a measure of segregation of the B and W populations is interesting, and while this model uses purely stigmergic communication between species, direct interaction would also be possible.