The graph shows how pressure to pressure to adopt efficiency leads to the adoption of efficiency measures which produces efficiency gains. These gains create the impression that the measures have been successful and generate the desire and drive  to improve efficiency even further. The application of efficiency measures produces only local (departmental) changes and improvements irrespective of their effect on the gaols of the organisation as a whole system. This in time leads to the deterioration of the system’s overall functioning, unintended negative consequences appear, and this then calls for more efficiency measure to improve the deteriorated situation – a vicious circle has been established.