Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

The model was first used in the 1960s to determine the phosphorus concentration in lakes and reservoirs, for eutrophication assessment.

This diagram provides a stylised description of important feedbacks within a shallow-lake system.

Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

The model was first used in the 1960s to determine the phosphorus concentration in lakes and reservoirs, for eutrophication assessment.

Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

The model was first used in the 1960s to determine the phosphorus concentration in lakes and reservoirs, for eutrophication assessment.

This diagram provides a stylised description of important feedbacks within a shallow-lake system.

Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

The model was first used in the 1960s to determine the phosphorus concentration in lakes and reservoirs for eutrophication assessment.

This version adds diagenesis, using an extra state variable (phosphorus in the sediment) and incorporates desorption processes that release phosphorus trapped in the sediment back to the water column.

The temporal dynamics of the model simulate the typical development of pollution in time.

1. Low loading, low P concentration in lake
2. High loading, increasing P concentration in lake
3. Desorption rate is low, P in sediment increases
4. Measures implemented for source control, loading reduces
5. P in lake gradually decreases, but below a certain point, desorption increases, and lake P concentration does not improve
6. Recovery only occurs when the secondary load in the sediment is strongly reduced.

Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

The model was first used in the 1960s to determine the phosphorus concentration in lakes and reservoirs, for eutrophication assessment.

Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

The model was first used in the 1960s to determine the phosphorus concentration in lakes and reservoirs, for eutrophication assessment.

This diagram provides a stylised description of important feedbacks within a shallow-lake system.

Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

The model was first used in the 1960s to determine the phosphorus concentration in lakes and reservoirs, for eutrophication assessment.

This diagram provides an accessible description of the key processes that guide the water quality within a lake.

Fertilizer inflow can cause lake eutrophication. In this simulation, we are studying what happens in a simple lake ecosystem.

This diagram provides a stylised description of important feedbacks within a shallow-lake system.

Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

The model was first used in the 1960s to determine the phosphorus concentration in lakes and reservoirs, for eutrophication assessment.

Fertilizer inflow can cause lake eutrophication. In this simulation, we are studying what happens in a simple lake ecosystem.

Fertilizer inflow can cause lake eutrophication. In this simulation, we are studying what happens in a simple lake ecosystem.

Models ecosystem dynamic of eutrophication.

Simple mass balance model for lakes, based on the Vollenweider equation:

dMw/dt = Min - sMw - Mout

Fertilizer inflow can cause lake eutrophication. In this simulation, we are studying what happens in a simple lake ecosystem.

This diagram provides an accessible description of the key processes that guide the water quality within a lake.

This diagram provides a stylised description of important feedbacks within a shallow-lake system.

Fertilizer inflow can cause lake eutrophication. In this simulation, we are studying what happens in a simple lake ecosystem.

Fertilizer inflow can cause lake eutrophication. In this simulation, we are studying what happens in a simple lake ecosystem.