No economy can function well without adequate funding and in the absence of finance will eventually fall into recession. Funds (financial assets in the model) are primarily injected through investments. This is certainly true for investments and payments undertaken by the government but also for private investments via bank loans. Net exports (i.e.trade surpluses) also represent an injecton of financial assets into the economy. By contrast financial assets are taken out of the economy through taxation, the repayment of bank loans and the running of a negative trade balance. Also, if the population in aggregate decides to save more this has the effect as if money were taken out of the economy. I have deliberately avoided specifying where the funds for treasury payments and public investments come from, as this is controversial. Modern Monetary Theory, for instance, says that these funds are not provided through tax revenue. Austerity can be seen as a process that deliberately diminishes or takes out financial assets from the economy through taxation, restrictions on bank loans or cutbacks in payments and public spending by the government. It is probably useful to look at insights 2740 and 2741 before examining this CLD because they provide the context and purpose for net public spending and investment.

Level of biological organization linking cell level division and population level evolution

Causal loop diagram illustrating how evolution, in the form of small incremental change (realized through random genetic mutation) paired with natural selection, serves to evolve species.

WIP for planning  some relevant online M&S Learning Communities for Health

As part of becoming familiar with InsightMaker, the purpose of this model is to merely replicate Gene Bellinger's completed "Moose_Wolves" model.  

All credit needs to be given to Gene.   Thank you InsightMaker.com for making it so easy to rebuilt and model and provide details on equations, algorithms.  

GSD simulation

Adapted from Fig.1. and 2, from Ana V Diez Roux (2011) Complex Systems Thinking May Help Us Transcend Current Impasses in Health Disparities Research Am J Public Health 2011;101 1627-1634  http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/9/1627?etoc

A Tragedy of the Commons situation exists whenever two or more activities, each, which in order to produce results, rely on a shared limited resource. Results for these activities continue to develop as long as their use of the limited resource doesn't exceed the resource limit. Once this limit is reached the results produced by each activity are limited to the level at which the resource is replenished. See also Archetypes.

From Fig 12.2 p317 Pigliucci M and Muller GB (2010) Evolution: The Extended Synthesis

copied from: Gene Bellinger (Escalation Archetype | Insight Maker)

An escalation structure results from two or more competing entities with the competition taking them to somewhere none of them want to be. See also Archetypes.

William T. Powers insight that animate behavior is the purposeful control of perception. Behavior exists to control perceptual signals; internal reference signals are purposes. Continual reorganization of ends and means in the face of obstacles is Learning.

WIP based mostly on Jan Toporowski 2013 vol 1 and 2018 vol 2 books on Michal Kalecki: An Intellectual Biography  

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