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Spring, 2020: in the midst of on-line courses, due to the pandemic of Covid-19.

With the onset of the Covid-19 coronavirus crisis, we focus on SIRD models, which might realistically model the course of the disease.

We start with an SIR model, such as that featured in the MAA model featured in
https://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/loci/joma/the-sir-model-for-spread-of-disease-the-differential-equation-model

Without mortality, with time measured in days, with infection rate 1/2, recovery rate 1/3, and initial infectious population I_0=1.27x10-4, we reproduce their figure

With a death rate of .005 (one two-hundredth of the infected per day), an infectivity rate of 0.5, and a recovery rate of .145 or so (takes about a week to recover), we get some pretty significant losses -- about 3.2% of the total population.

Resources:
  1. http://www.nku.edu/~longa/classes/2020spring/mat375/mathematica/SIRModel-MAA.nb
  2. https://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/loci/joma/the-sir-model-for-spread-of-disease-the-differential-equation-model
Coronavirus: A Simple SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) with death
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The model represents the interaction between influenza and SARS-CoV-2. The data used is for Catalonia region.
Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 interaction v1
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Demo_Group3_COVID-19
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Omer Ozkan System Dynamics Model Covid-19
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HW5 Version 1: Spread of COVID-19 in Cameroon
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Systemigram Model Building Exercise (COVID-19)
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La meilleur simulation du marché à propos de la Covid-19
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Somulacion clase 2, retroalimentación + y - , primer versión
Modelo Covid-19 Co
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Системная динамика COVID-19 в Казахстане в 2020 году
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Muertes por COVID-19
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A simple SI (Susceptible-Infectious) model that captures the dynamics of COVID-19.
SI Model
69 6 months ago
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COVID-19 modelling with SEIR(D) Model method to predict transmission of COVID-19.
SEIR(D) Model COVID-19
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Covid-19 Pandemie Modell
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COVID-19 Model Indonesia
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Here we have a basic SEIR model and we will investigate what changes would be appropriate for modelling the 2019 Coronavirus.

We add simple containment meassures that affect two paramenters, the Susceptible population and the rate to become infected.

The initial parametrization is based on the suggested current data. The initial population is set for Catalonia.

The questions that we want to answer in this kind of models are not the shape of the curves, that are almost known from the beginning, but, when this happens, and the amplitude of the shapes. This is crucial, since in the current circumstance implies the collapse of certain resources, not only healthcare.

The validation process hence becomes critical, and allows to estimate the different parameters of the model from the data we obtain. This simulation approach allows to obtain somethings that is crucial to make decisions, the causality. We can infer this from the assumptions that are implicit on the model, and from it we can make decisions to improve the system behavior.

Yes, simulation works with causality and Flows diagrams is one of the techniques we have to draw it graphically, but is not the only one. On https://sdlps.com/projects/documentation/1009 you can review soon the same model but represented in Specification and Description Language.

SEIRD 02: COVID-19 spread with containment measures
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COVID-19: description des types de population
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SARS-CoV-19 spread in different countries
- please adjust variables accordingly

Italy
  • elderly population (>65): 0.228
  • estimated undetected cases factor: 4-11
  • starting population size: 60 000 000
  • high blood pressure: 0.32 (gbe-bund)
  • heart disease: 0.04 (statista)
  • free intensive care units: 3 100

Germany
  • elderly population (>65): 0.195 (bpb)
  • estimated undetected cases factor: 2-3 (deutschlandfunk)
  • starting population size: 83 000 000
  • high blood pressure: 0.26 (gbe-bund)
  • heart disease: 0.2-0.28 (herzstiftung)
  • free intensive care units: 5 880

France
  • elderly population (>65): 0.183 (statista)
  • estimated undetected cases factor: 3-5
  • starting population size: 67 000 000
  • high blood pressure: 0.3 (fondation-recherche-cardio-vasculaire)
  • heart disease: 0.1-0.2 (oecd)
  • free intensive care units: 3 000

As you wish
  • numbers of encounters/day: 1 = quarantine, 2-3 = practicing social distancing, 4-6 = heavy social life, 7-9 = not caring at all // default 2
  • practicing preventive measures (ie. washing hands regularly, not touching your face etc.): 0.1 (nobody does anything) - 1 (very strictly) // default 0.8
  • government elucidation: 0.1 (very bad) - 1 (highly transparent and educating) // default 0.9
  • Immunity rate (due to lacking data): 0 (you can't get immune) - 1 (once you had it you'll never get it again) // default 0.4

Key
  • Healthy: People are not infected with SARS-CoV-19 but could still get it
  • Infected: People have been infected and developed the disease COVID-19
  • Recovered: People just have recovered from COVID-19 and can't get it again in this stage
  • Dead: People died because of COVID-19
  • Immune: People got immune and can't get the disease again
  • Critical recovery percentage: Chance of survival with no special medical treatment
SARS-CoV-19 model
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Simula las condiciones para una población de 1 millón de habitantes
Covid-19
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Covid-19 model
Covid-19
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A simple ABM example illustrating how the SEIR model works. It can be a basis for experimenting with learning the impact of human behavior on the spread of a virus, e.g. COVID-19.
SEIR ABM MODEL
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Covid-19 sim
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.According to World Health Organization, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious disease known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19).


The majority of virus-infected individuals will experience a mild to severe respiratory disease and will recover without the need for special care. However, some people will get serious illnesses and need to see a doctor. Serious sickness is more likely to strike older persons and those with underlying medical illnesses including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or chronic respiratory diseases. COVID-19 can cause anyone to become very ill or pass away at any age. 

Being knowledgeable about the illness and the virus's propagation is the best strategy to stop or slow down transmission. By keeping a distance of at least one meter between people, donning a mask that fits properly, and often washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub, you can prevent infection in both yourself and other people. When it's your turn, get your vaccination, and abide by any local advice.

When an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, sings, or breathes, the virus can spread from their mouth or nose in minute liquid particles. From larger respiratory droplets to tiny aerosols, these particles are diverse. It's crucial to use proper respiratory technique, such as coughing into a flexed elbow, and to confine yourself to your home and rest until you feel better.
Corononavirus SARs2 (Agent Based)