A Tragedy of the Commons situation exists whenever two or more activities, each, which in order to produce results, rely on a shared limited resource. Results for these activities continue to develop as long as their use of the limited resource doesn't exceed the resource limit. Once this limit is reached the results produced by each activity are limited to the level at which the resource is replenished. As an example, consider multiple departments with an organization using IT resources, until they've exhausted IT capacity.
Environmental economics Niger Delta oil polluted case study
WIP of several books of Karl Polanyi's thoughts and papers around social science economic history and capitalism. . See also Summary of the Great Transformation IM-10640
This simple model is derived from D.H. Meadows, Thinking in Systems chapter 2, figures 27 and 28. It is designed to explain and demonstrate how the economic system is driven by both an amplifying feedback loop (shown in blue) and a stabilizing feedback loop (shown in red).
In a recent report, the World Economic Forum
considered that the use of robots in economic activity will cause far more job
losses in the near future than there will be new ones created. Every economic
sector will be affected. The CLD tries to illustrate the dynamic effects of
replacing human workers with robots. This dynamic indicates that if there is no replacement of
the income forgone by the laid off
workers, then the economy will soon grind to a halt. To avoid disaster, there
must be enough money in circulation, not parked in off-shore investments, to
permit the purchase of all the goods and services produced by robots. The
challenge for the government is to make sure that this is case.
This is the summary of lecture 1 of my Course about StartUps. It's an intro to the startup ecosystem and the different stakeholders that can interact with your new enterprise at different stages of its evolution and growth. -version 1 - for info or suggestions: bonato.pietroz@gmail.com
Added several versions of the model. Added a flow to make C increase. Added a factor to be able to change the value 0.5. Older version cloned at IM-46280
Circularity in Economic models including Exports and Imports
This model is an attempt to simulate what is commonly
referred to as the “pesticide treadmill” in agriculture and how it played out
in the cotton industry in Central America after the Second World War until
around the 1990s.
The cotton industry expanded dramatically in Central America
after WW2, increasing from 20,000 hectares to 463,000 in the late 1970s. This
expansion was accompanied by a huge increase in industrial pesticide
application which would eventually become the downfall of the industry.
The primary pest for cotton production, bol weevil, became increasingly
resistant to chemical pesticides as they were applied each year. The
application of pesticides also caused new pests to appear, such as leafworms,
cotton aphids and whitefly, which in turn further fuelled increased application
of pesticides.
The treadmill resulted in massive increases in pesticide
applications: in the early years they were only applied a few times per season,
but this application rose to up to 40 applications per season by the 1970s;
accounting for over 50% of the costs of production in some regions.
The skyrocketing costs associated with increasing pesticide
use were one of the key factors that led to the dramatic decline of the cotton
industry in Central America: decreasing from its peak in the 1970s to less than
100,000 hectares in the 1990s. “In its wake, economic ruin and environmental
devastation were left” as once thriving towns became ghost towns, and once
fertile soils were wasted, eroded and abandoned (Lappe, 1998).
Sources: Douglas L. Murray (1994), Cultivating Crisis: The Human Cost of Pesticides in Latin America, pp35-41;
Francis Moore Lappe et al (1998), World
Hunger: 12 Myths, 2nd Edition, pp54-55.
Simple model of the global economy, the global carbon cycle, and planetary energy balance.
The planetary energy balance model is a two-box model, with shallow and deep ocean heat reservoirs. The carbon cycle model is a 4-box model, with the atmosphere, shallow ocean, deep ocean, and terrestrial carbon.
The economic model is based on the Kaya identity, which decomposes CO2 emissions into population, GDP/capita, energy intensity of GDP, and carbon intensity of energy. It allows for temperature-related climate damages to both GDP and the growth rate of GDP.
This model was originally created by Bob Kopp - https://insightmaker.com/user/16029 (Rutgers University) in support of the SESYNC Climate Learning Project.
Steve Conrad (Simon Fraser University) modified the model to include emission/development/and carbon targets for the use by ENV 221.
REM 221 Simple Climate-Carbon-Economic Model with Targets
