From NAP Toward Quality Measures for Population Health and the Leading Health Indicators Report with detailed Maternal  Infant and Child Health Example Fig.3-5. Compare with WHO NCD Framework picture and IHI Whole system measures 2.0 (Added Nov 2016)

Health Capability Social Performance Health System Regional Population Framework Program Prevention Child

This is a simple intervention project/programme planning tool aimed primarily at public health practitioners who want to understand potential impact.

Public Health Intervention Programme Program

Addition to Program Evaluation Insight based on Health System Efficiency WHO Europe 2016 publication

Health Care Public Health Program Value Evaluation Performance Economics Prevention

WIP based on Mascia2017 Analyzing conservation strategies article and other mostly private insights. A more detailed form of structure agency IM-1163

Health Care Intervention CCP Policy Program Multiscale Causation Politics Prevention Methods Social Determinants SDOH

Adapted from ​Systems approaches to public health by Alan Shiell and Penny Hawe See also Health System Efficiency IM and specific health outcome logic diagram example IM

Health Care Public Health Program Value Evaluation Performance

A structure used in childhood obesity intervention mechanisms, currently a map WIP which can be enhanced into a simulation

Health Care Behavior Program Policy Obesity Intervention

Justice Reinvestment Program in Bourke NSW & Implications on Local Youth
Background
A small country town in NSW Australia, Bourke records very high youth crime rates and jail population, when compared to the remainder of the country. To tackle the specific causes for such high rates, a Justice Reinvestment Program has been designed, involving all actors of the local community (Police, Education, Local Elders, Community Members) and focusing on prevention rather than repression.
Model Explanation
This simple model aims at depicting patterns in crime and redemption behaviour; and how local actions, investments and resources can impact Bourke youth, positively or negatively. Multiple variables can be manipulated to assess results and outcomes.
Stocks

• Youth Population – total youth population in the town of Bourke
• Disengaged Youth – youth showing a Negative Behaviour. They have either left school, are affected by drug and/or alcohol consumption, and/or domestic violence. They need to be taken care of, otherwise they might engage in offences
• Problem Youth – youth having committed an offence
• Court Appearance – Problem Youth having been arrested, thanks to local police. Stock is affected by Police Budget variable
• Jailed – youth having been convicted and sent to prison
• Youth in Community Programs – youth population either out of prison and repenting; or Problem Youth enrolling in Community Activity
• Engaged Youth – youth showing a Positive Behaviour. The final objective of this Justice Reinvestment program

Variables

• School Attendance – a critical factor to re-engage Disengaged Youth
• Crime Rate – percentage of Disengaged Youth committing offences
• Police Budget – affects number of Problem Youth being brought to justice. Can be manipulated between 0 (absolutely no police in Bourke) to 100 (local police reinforcement and 24/7 surveillance), both being theoretical options
• Reoffending Rate – percentage of Youth committing offences again, after their release from Jail
• Community Programs Funding – amount spent on various community programs, such as training and apprenticeship; counselling; preventive police home visits; learner driver classes; sports; and cultural connections program. Funding impacts 3 types of Youth: 

1. Disengaged Youth joining back community
2. Problem Youth entering Community Programs
3. Youth repenting after being released from Jail, and entering Community Programs 

Assumptions

• Bourke Youth Population = 1.000

Below coefficients and initial values were arbitrarily chosen but can be modified using sliders, to estimate influence and impact:

• Crime rate in Disengaged Youth = 70%
• Reoffending Rate = 30%
• Police Budget = 40
• Community Programs Funding = 60

Conclusions
There is no silver bullet solution to the youth crime problem in Bourke NSW. However, with the suggested combination of Police Budget and Community Program Funding, positive results appear from Year 3 onwards: even with the occasional spike of reoffenders and subsequent Problem Youth, overall Engaged Youth population increases, reaching 70% of total Youth Population on Year 4 and increasing.
Community Programs Funding has the biggest impact towards the program objective, as it helps creating positive reinforcement and life opportunities for Bourke youth at different disengagement stages.

Justice Crime Bourke Youth Reinvestment Program

ContextBourke is a remote town located 800km northwest of Sydney, situated on the Darling River. The Maranguka Justice Reinvestment project emerged as Bourke was concerned about the number of Aboriginal families experiencing high levels of social disadvantage and rising crime. Bourke has worked for many years to develop a model for improving outcomes and creating better coordinated support for vulnerable families and children through the true empowerment of the local Aboriginal community. Maranguka, meaning ‘caring for others’ in Ngemba language, is a model of Indigenous self-governance which empowers the community to coordinate the right mix and timing of services through an Aboriginal community owned and led, multi-disciplinary team working in partnership with relevant government and non-government agencies (Impact of Maranguka Justice Reinvestm...)
The Model
This model simulates the effects of community support funding and crime on at risk youth in the town of Bourke. It also shows how key indicators affect the engagement of youth in society. Breaking the cycle of self destruction by providing support at all stages. 

Variables
Bourke Youth- This variable can be adjusted to show the impact of population numbers on the effectiveness of community projects and funding levels.Community Funding- This variable can be adjusted to show the impact of community support programs to create positive behaviour change.Crime Rate – This variable can be adjusted to show the impact on at risk youth.

Conclusion
The model clearly shows that an increase in support services via increased funding will help break the cycle of youth alienation and build better futures.

MKT563 Complex Systems Justice Crime Bourke Youth Reinvestment Program